![]() ![]() You can read Paul's entire article here which includes some heartwarming stories of Edna and the amazing life she has lived.ĭo you have a story about the Rainbow Bridge and how it has helped you through the loss of a beloved pet? We would love to hear your stories and if you have any please do leave them in the comments section below. I believe that Paul has found the original author and she has an amazing and profound love for animals. Many people have claimed the ownership of the original poem through the years but none have officially been confirmed the author. Edna never knew up until recently how much of an impact her poem has had on so many pet owners, who like her lost someone very special to them. ![]() Many people often say that their pet has crossed over the rainbow bridge into the afterlife. It's become a part of the nomenclature of a pet passing on to the other side. Since that publication, The Rainbow Bridge poem has become synonymous with pet loss and grief. Interestingly the poem was submitted by an anonymous contributor who went by "An old softy in Grand Rapids, Michigan." Edna's gentle words touched hearts all across the country. When Rainbow Bridge was published in 1994, Dear Abby had over 100 million readers in various newspapers across the country. It was through this small group of loved ones that the poem somehow ended up in the hands of Dear Abby here in the United States. She did finally decided to type out the poem, each page individually, and hand them out to friends and family. The poem held great personal meaning for her and still does to this day. Yet it wasn't so private that she wouldn't show it to a few close friends. However, Edna refused saying it was a private poem between her and Major. He liked it so much he said she should have it published. She showed the poem to a few people she was close to, but after that it was put away for a long while.Įdna married Jack Rekhy and did show him her poem. As you can see from the pictures above she never did. She had quickly erased what was written on the back of the page and continued to complete her poem and then title it "Rainbow Bridge"Īfter she completed the poem Edna showed it to her mother who said "My darling girl, you are very special." She also pointed out how messy the writing was, and asked if Edna would write it out again on fresh paper. The original poem was written on a page of her sister's notebook which she in her bout of inspiration didn't realize had already been written on. Experts and scholars have speculated biblical or theological origins of The Rainbow Bridge, but when asked if the poem was inspired by anything of that sort she insisted that that was not the case at all. She felt more that Major was guiding her from the other side as she wrote, to help her through the grief of his passing. The grief and loss of Major was her true motivation to write. She said that there was no real inspiration from a place she imagined in her mind. Sometimes I would just sit and talk to him, and I felt that he could understand every word that I said." Which I know from personal experience as many of those reading will too, our pets have a special connection with us where they seem to understand us in a deeper level. In talking to Paul about Major she said: "He was a very special dog. It was over 63 years ago when she wrote the original poem and it was in honor of her dog Major, who had passed away when she was only 19 years old. The beautiful mind behind the pen is Edna Clyne-Rekhy and she is currently 82 years old, living in her homeland of Scotland, with her two puppies Zannussi and Missy. After the poem had been published for 30 years in the United States, finally we can give credit to the original author. Over at The Order of The Good Death, Paul Koudounaris has shared the story of the creation of the original Rainbow Bridge Poem. That mystery has now been solved and the beautiful mind who wrote this poem has been discovered. Since 1994, the search for who wrote the original poem has been an active mystery. On February 20th 1994, Dear Abby published one of the most recognizable poems about the love we have for our pets. This poem has helped many people through grief filled times, yet no author was ever mentioned.
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![]() Uses Brother P-touch TZe durable, laminated label tapes up to 12mm (~½") wide, in a variety of colors and types. Choose from a wide selection of home and home office label templates - or easily design your own labels using 450 symbols, 60+ frames and a variety of fonts including most Google and Apple font libraries. While we preferred label makers with these options, they weren’t required.Conveniently design and print personalized labels from your smartphone or tablet when connected to a wireless network using the free, easy to use P-touch Design&Print2 app. ![]() Ability to connect to other devices: We gave preference to label makers that offered connectivity with PCs and Macs, or iOS and Android, which equals a significantly larger font library, including those from Apple and Google, for more label variety.Support for bar code printing: This wasn’t a priority in our consideration, but being able to print bar codes from a label maker is a nice feature for small-business owners.Most models we considered had between eight and 14 fonts installed two models supported Google’s massive font library, as well as Apple’s and two models could be plugged into a PC or Mac to use the fonts installed on those devices. A variety of font options: We preferred models with a larger selection of fonts, which allows for more creativity.Most models offered at least 15 memory slots for quick label printing, with some storing as many as 50. Ability to save frequently printed text for later use: We preferred label makers that offered a simple way to save the most frequently used labels. ![]() We looked for label makers that offered support for a variety of tapes to fit every need.
![]() When retesting, I noticed that I could still smuggle headers through to the back-end server using the same mutation, leading me to wonder if there were any other interesting headers worth trying. Cache PoisoningĪWS promptly fixed the IP restriction bypass after I reported it to them. However, it still acts as a nice example of how header smuggling can be used to bypass rate limiting. Unfortunately, it wasn't possible to cycle different values or valid IP addresses in this header keep gaining five more attempts, meaning the impact of this bug is minimal. However, adding "X-Forwarded-For:z" to the request allowed 5 more requests to be made. Cognito is an authentication provider which you can integrate into your applications to help handle authentication.Īfter five requests to the “ConfirmForgotPassword” or “ForgotPassword” targets in a short period of time, my IP address was temporarily blocked. I discovered a similar, but very minor, bug in AWS Cognito during a penetration test. It turned out that adding the header "X-Forwarded-For abcd: z" to requests allowed IP restrictions from AWS resource policies to be bypassed in API gateway. The following examples are mutated versions of the "Content-Length" header: ![]() A mutation is simply an obfuscation of a header. The method developed by this research to identify header smuggling vulnerabilities determines whether a "mutation" can be applied to a header to allow it to be snuck through to a back-end server without being recognised or processed by a front-end server. I will then discuss how the methodology used to find these vulnerabilities can also be adapted to safely detect request smuggling based on multiple "Content-Length" headers (CL.CL request smuggling) in black-box scenarios. I will show how this led to bypassing of IP restrictions in AWS API Gateway, as well as an easily exploitable cache poisoning issue. Using header smuggling, it is possible to bypass this filtering and send information to the back-end server which it treats as trusted. To provide this information accurately, front-end servers must filter out the values of these headers provided by the client, which are untrusted and cannot be relied upon to be accurate. However, this model is sufficient to understand and develop the attacks presented in this article, as well as most of the recent research into attacking chains of servers.īack-end servers often rely on front-end servers providing accurate information in the HTTP request headers, such as the client's IP address in the "X-Forwarded-For" header, or the length of the request body in the "Content-Length" header. There may be multiple front-end and back-end servers, and front-end and back-end servers are often themselves chains of multiple servers. This model is often a simplification of reality. ![]() This is where the application's server-side code runs. ![]() A "back-end" server which the front-end server forwards requests to.These servers typically handle caching and load balancing, or act as web application firewalls (WAFs). A "front-end" server which directly handles requests from users.BackgroundĪ chain of HTTP servers used by a web application can often be modelled as consisting of two components: This paper presents a new technique for identifying header smuggling and demonstrates how header smuggling can lead to cache poisoning, IP restriction bypasses, and request smuggling. Much of this exploration, especially recent request smuggling research, has developed new ways to hide HTTP request headers from some servers in the chain while keeping them visible to others – a technique known as "header smuggling". The attack surface created by this forwarding is increasingly receiving more attention, including the recent popularisation of cache poisoning and request smuggling vulnerabilities. Modern web applications typically rely on chains of multiple servers, which forward HTTP requests to one another. ![]() Tixati: A simple, ad-free BitTorrent client that is easy to use and offers a number of advanced features.Deluge: Another free, open-source BitTorrent client that supports a wide range of operating systems and provides a number of advanced features.qBittorrent: This is a free, open-source BitTorrent client that is similar to uTorrent, but does not contain any ads.There are several alternatives to uTorrent that you can consider: If you are using Windows 10, you can also uninstall uTorrent by right-clicking the uTorrent app in the Start menu and selecting "Uninstall." ![]() The exact steps to uninstall uTorrent may vary depending on your version of Windows. Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the uninstallation process.Find "uTorrent" in the list of installed programs and click on it.In the Control Panel, select "Programs and Features" or "Add or Remove Programs.".Go to the Windows Start menu and select "Control Panel.".Make sure to only download files that you have the legal right to obtain. It's important to note that downloading copyrighted material is illegal in many countries and regions, and using a BitTorrent client for such purposes may result in legal action. ![]() The program has many other features and options that you can explore. These are just a few basic examples of how to use the app.
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